Java服务端常用的WebSocket框架及web端测试

Netty Starter

Netty:https://gitee.com/Yeauty/netty-websocket-spring-boot-starter

注意

服务端主动关闭连接,服务端也会接收到连接关闭的回调。

依赖

基于Netty的Websocket的框架

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.yeauty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-websocket-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5</version>
</dependency>

代码

添加新类

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import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import org.yeauty.annotation.*;
import org.yeauty.pojo.Session;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

@ServerEndpoint(path = "${ws.path}", host = "${ws.host}", port = "${ws.port}", optionConnectTimeoutMillis = "${ws.timeout}")
public class MyWebSocket {

@BeforeHandshake
public void handshake(
Session session,
HttpHeaders headers,
@RequestParam String req,
@RequestParam MultiValueMap reqMap,
@PathVariable String arg,
@PathVariable Map pathMap
) {
session.setSubprotocols("stomp");
if (req != null) {
if (!req.equals("ok")) {
System.out.println("Authentication failed!");
session.close();
}
}
}

@OnOpen
public void onOpen(
Session session,
HttpHeaders headers,
@RequestParam String req,
@RequestParam MultiValueMap reqMap,
@PathVariable String arg,
@PathVariable Map pathMap
) {
System.out.println("连接打开 客户端ID:" + session.hashCode());
}

@OnClose
public void onClose(Session session) throws IOException {
System.out.println("连接关闭 客户端ID:" + session.hashCode());
}

@OnError
public void onError(Session session, Throwable throwable) {
throwable.printStackTrace();
}

@OnMessage
public void onMessage(Session session, String message) {
if (message.equals("close")) {
session.close();
} else {
System.out.println("收到消息:" + message + " 客户端ID:" + session.hashCode());
session.sendText("回发:" + message);
}
}

@OnBinary
public void onBinary(Session session, byte[] bytes) {
System.out.println("接收Binary");
//session.sendBinary(bytes);
}

@OnEvent
public void onEvent(Session session, Object evt) {
if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
IdleStateEvent idleStateEvent = (IdleStateEvent) evt;
switch (idleStateEvent.state()) {
case READER_IDLE:
System.out.println("read idle");
break;
case WRITER_IDLE:
System.out.println("write idle");
break;
case ALL_IDLE:
System.out.println("all idle");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
}

接下来即可在application.properties中配置

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ws.path=/
ws.host=0.0.0.0
ws.port=8888
ws.timeout=20000

用户标记

我们可以在onMessage中绑定业务逻辑中的ID

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session.setAttribute("userId", userId);

onMessageonErroronClose时我们可用重新取到之前绑定的值,进行业务逻辑处理。

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session.getAttribute("userId")

onClose移除时

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//获取存储的session
Session msession = xxx;
String device = session.getAttribute("device");
if(msession!=null && !msession.isActive() && msession.getAttribute("device").equals(device)){
//移除存储的session
}

之所以要判断msession.isActive()是防止用户短时间重连、断开重连、其它设备登录时msession已经被更新,msession.getAttribute("device").equals(device)是为了防止其它设备登录时msession已经被更新。

发送消息时

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Session msession = xxx;
if(msession!=null && msession.isActive() ){
//发送消息
}

t-io Starter

t-io官方示例:https://gitee.com/psvmc/tio-websocket-showcase

官方文档:https://www.tiocloud.com/doc/tio/318?pageNumber=1

注意

不建议使用该库了,因为客户端长时间断网,服务端也收不到连接关闭的回调,这样有些业务逻辑就没法实现。

使用t-io的时候一定要注意

  1. 客户端一定不要发送空的消息,只要发送空消息,客户端会直接断开连接,并且服务端收不到断开的事件。
  2. 不支持ws地址后缀path的设置。
  3. 服务端主动关闭连接,服务端不会接收到连接关闭的回调。
  4. 客户端长时间断网,服务端也收不到连接关闭的回调。

依赖

删除原有的starter添加t-io的starter

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<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.20</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.t-io</groupId>
<artifactId>tio-websocket-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<!--此版本号跟着tio主版本号一致即可-->
<version>3.6.0.v20200315-RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

代码示例

主类

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import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.tio.websocket.starter.EnableTioWebSocketServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableTioWebSocketServer
public class WsServerZApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(WsServerZApplication.class, args);
}
}

主要就是添加了

@EnableTioWebSocketServer

消息监听

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import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.tio.core.ChannelContext;
import org.tio.core.Tio;
import org.tio.http.common.HttpRequest;
import org.tio.http.common.HttpResponse;
import org.tio.websocket.common.WsRequest;
import org.tio.websocket.common.WsResponse;
import org.tio.websocket.server.handler.IWsMsgHandler;

@Component
public class MyWebSocketMsgHandler implements IWsMsgHandler {

@Override
public HttpResponse handshake(HttpRequest httpRequest, HttpResponse httpResponse, ChannelContext channelContext) throws Exception {
return httpResponse;
}

@Override
public void onAfterHandshaked(
HttpRequest httpRequest,
HttpResponse httpResponse,
ChannelContext channelContext
) throws Exception {
System.out.println("连接成功" + " 客户端ID:" + channelContext.getId());
}

@Override
public Object onBytes(WsRequest wsRequest, byte[] bytes, ChannelContext channelContext) throws Exception {
System.out.println("接收到bytes消息");
return null;
}

@Override
public Object onText(WsRequest wsRequest, String s, ChannelContext channelContext) throws Exception {
String msg = "服务器返回:" + s + " 客户端ID:" + channelContext.getId();
System.out.println(msg);
Tio.send(channelContext, WsResponse.fromText(msg, "utf-8"));
return null;
}

@Override
public Object onClose(WsRequest wsRequest, byte[] bytes, ChannelContext channelContext) throws Exception {
System.out.println("连接关闭" + " 客户端ID:" + channelContext.getId());
return null;
}
}

给对应的客户端发送消息

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Tio.send(channelContext, WsResponse.fromText(msg, "utf-8"));

接下来即可在application.properties中配置

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tio.websocket.server.port=8888
tio.websocket.server.heartbeat-timeout=30000

发送消息

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// 单发
Tio.send(channelContext, WsResponse.fromText(msg, "utf-8"));

// 组发
Tio.sendToGroup(
channelContext.getTioConfig(),
"group-001",
WsResponse.fromText(msg, "utf-8")
);

业务绑定

方式1 静态方法绑定

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// 用户ID
Tio.bindUser(channelContext,"userid-001");
Tio.unbindUser(channelContext);
Tio.unbindUser(channelContext.tioConfig,"userid-001");

// Token
Tio.bindToken(channelContext,"token-001");
Tio.unbindToken(channelContext);

// 业务ID
Tio.bindBsId(channelContext,"bsid-001");
Tio.unbindBsId(channelContext);

// 分组
Tio.bindGroup(channelContext,"group-001");
Tio.bindGroup(channelContext,"group-002");
Tio.unbindGroup("group-001",channelContext);
Tio.unbindGroup(channelContext.tioConfig,"userid-001","group-001");
Tio.unbindGroup(channelContext);

方式2 对象属性绑定

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// 绑定用户ID
channelContext.tioConfig.users.bind("userid-001", channelContext);
// 便捷写法 同上
channelContext.setUserid("userid-001");
// 取值
String userid = channelContext.userid;
System.out.println("userid:" + userid);
// 解除绑定用户ID
channelContext.tioConfig.users.unbind(channelContext);
// 解除绑定用户ID。一般用于多地登录,踢掉前面登录的场景
TioConfig tioConfig = channelContext.tioConfig;
tioConfig.users.unbind(tioConfig,userid);

// 绑定Token
channelContext.tioConfig.tokens.bind("token-002", channelContext);
// 便捷写法 同上
channelContext.setToken("token-002");
// 取值
String token = channelContext.getToken();
System.out.println("token:" + token);
// 解除绑定Token
channelContext.tioConfig.tokens.unbind(channelContext);

// 绑定业务ID
channelContext.tioConfig.bsIds.bind(channelContext, "bsid-003");
// 便捷写法 同上
channelContext.setBsId("bsid-003");
// 取值
String bsid = channelContext.getBsId();
System.out.println("bsid:" + bsid);
// 解除绑定业务ID
channelContext.tioConfig.bsIds.unbind(channelContext);

// 绑定群组
channelContext.tioConfig.groups.bind("group-001", channelContext);
channelContext.tioConfig.groups.bind("group-002", channelContext);
// 取值
SetWithLock<String> groups = channelContext.getGroups();
System.out.println("groups.size:" + groups.size());
// 解除绑定群组
channelContext.tioConfig.groups.unbind(group, channelContext);
// 与所有组解除解绑关系
channelContext.tioConfig.groups.unbind(channelContext);

方式3 对象属性绑定

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channelContext.set("userid", 123);
channelContext.get("userid");
channelContext.remove("userid");

SSL配置

配置

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tio.websocket.ssl.enabled=true
tio.websocket.ssl.key-store=classpath:config/ssl/cert-psvmc.jks
tio.websocket.ssl.trust-store=classpath:config/ssl/cert-psvmc.jks
tio.websocket.ssl.password=123456

证书生成

下载SSL证书

如果是阿里云申请的SSL证书,下载tomcat版本的,里面会有cert.pfxpassword.txt

生成jks证书

添加Java到环境变量的Path中

D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_102\bin

执行

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keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore .\cert.pfx -destkeystore .\cert-psvmc.jks -srcstoretype PKCS12 -deststoretype JKS

输入两次新口令,再输入一次下载时带的密码文件中的密码就会生成文件cert-psvmc.jks,我们在配置时用我们设置的新口令。

集群

集群添加如下配置

集群是通过redis的Pub/Sub实现,所以需要配置Redis

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tio.websocket.cluster.enabled=false
tio.websocket.cluster.redis.ip=127.0.0.1
tio.websocket.cluster.redis.port=6379
tio.websocket.cluster.all=true
tio.websocket.cluster.group=true
tio.websocket.cluster.ip=true
tio.websocket.cluster.user=true

SpringBoot Starter

这是SpringBoot官方提供的Webscoket框架

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>

具体代码

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import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocket;
import org.springframework.web.socket.server.standard.ServerEndpointExporter;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSocket
public class WebSocketConfig {
@Bean
public ServerEndpointExporter serverEndpoint() {
return new ServerEndpointExporter();
}
}

WsServerEndpoint

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import java.io.IOException;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.websocket.*;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;

@ServerEndpoint("/ws")
@Component
public class MyWebSocket {

/**
* 连接成功
*
* @param session
*/
@OnOpen
public void onOpen(Session session) {
System.out.println("连接成功");
}

/**
* 连接关闭
*
* @param session
*/
@OnClose
public void onClose(Session session) {
System.out.println("连接关闭");
}

@OnError
public void onError(Session session, Throwable error) {
System.out.println("发生错误");
error.printStackTrace();
}

/**
* 接收到消息
*
* @param text
*/
@OnMessage
public String onMessage(String text, Session session) throws IOException {
return "servet 发送:" + text;
}

@OnMessage
public void onMessage(byte[] messages, Session session) throws IOException {

}
}

说明:

这里有几个注解需要注意一下,首先是他们的包都在 javax.websocket 下。并不是 spring 提供的,而 jdk 自带的,下面是他们的具体作用。

  1. @ServerEndpoint

    通过这个 spring boot 就可以知道你暴露出去的 ws 应用的路径,有点类似我们经常用的@RequestMapping。比如你的启动端口是8080,而这个注解的值是ws,那我们就可以通过 ws://127.0.0.1:8888/ws 来连接你的应用

  2. @OnOpen

    当 websocket 建立连接成功后会触发这个注解修饰的方法,注意它有一个 Session 参数

  3. @OnClose

    当 websocket 建立的连接断开后会触发这个注解修饰的方法,注意它有一个 Session 参数

  4. @OnMessage

    当客户端发送消息到服务端时,会触发这个注解修改的方法,它有一个 String 入参表明客户端传入的值

  5. @OnError

    当 websocket 建立连接时出现异常会触发这个注解修饰的方法,注意它有一个 Session 参数

另外一点就是服务端如何发送消息给客户端,服务端发送消息必须通过上面说的 Session 类,通常是在@OnOpen 方法中,当连接成功后把 session 存入 Map 的 value,key 是与 session 对应的用户标识,当要发送的时候通过 key 获得 session 再发送,这里可以通过 session.getBasicRemote().sendText() 来对客户端发送消息。

接下来即可在application.properties中配置

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server.port=8888

Netty原生

Netty简介

那么Netty到底是何方神圣?

  • 用一句简单的话来说就是:Netty封装了JDK的NIO,让你用得更爽,你不用再写一大堆复杂的代码了。
  • 用官方正式的话来说就是:Netty是一个异步事件驱动的网络应用框架,用于快速开发可维护的高性能服务器和客户端。

下面是我总结的使用Netty不使用JDK原生NIO的原因

  • 使用JDK自带的NIO需要了解太多的概念,编程复杂
  • Netty底层IO模型随意切换,而这一切只需要做微小的改动,改改参数,Netty可以直接从NIO模型变身为IO模型
  • Netty自带的拆包解包,异常检测等机制让你从NIO的繁重细节中脱离出来,让你只需要关心业务逻辑
  • Netty解决了JDK的很多包括空轮询在内的bug
  • Netty底层对线程,selector做了很多细小的优化,精心设计的reactor线程模型做到非常高效的并发处理
  • 自带各种协议栈让你处理任何一种通用协议都几乎不用亲自动手
  • Netty已经历各大rpc框架,消息中间件,分布式通信中间件线上的广泛验证,健壮性无比强大

Websocket服务端

引入Netty

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<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>5.0.0.Alpha1</version>
</dependency>

初始化代码

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private static void initWebScoket() {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup wokerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap
.group(bossGroup, wokerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>(){
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = socketChannel.pipeline();
//websocket协议本身是基于http协议的,所以这边也要使用http解编码器
pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
//以块的方式来写的处理器
pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
//netty是基于分段请求的,HttpObjectAggregator的作用是将请求分段再聚合,参数是聚合字节的最大长度
pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1024 * 1024 * 1024));
//ws://localhost:8899/ws
pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws"));
//websocket定义了传递数据的6中frame类型
pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketHandle());
}
});

ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap
.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8899))
.sync();

channelFuture
.channel()
.closeFuture()
.sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
wokerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
  • bossGroup对应接受新连接线程,主要负责创建新连接
  • wokerGroup对应负责读取数据的线程,主要用于读取数据以及业务逻辑处理

WebSocketHandle

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import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.BinaryWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;

public class WebSocketHandle extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {

@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("用户连接");
}

@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("用户断开");
}

@Override
protected void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
if (msg instanceof TextWebSocketFrame) {
String receive_msg = ((TextWebSocketFrame) msg).text();
System.out.println("收到消息:" + receive_msg);
String send_msg = "服务器返回:" + receive_msg;
System.out.println("ctx.channel.id:"+ctx.channel().id());
//服务端返回消息
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(send_msg));
} else if (msg instanceof BinaryWebSocketFrame) {
System.out.println("收到二进制消息:" + ((BinaryWebSocketFrame) msg).content().readableBytes());
BinaryWebSocketFrame binaryWebSocketFrame = new BinaryWebSocketFrame(Unpooled.buffer().writeBytes("xxx".getBytes()));
ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(binaryWebSocketFrame);
}
}

@Override
public void exceptionCaught(
ChannelHandlerContext ctx,
Throwable cause
) throws Exception {
super.exceptionCaught(ctx, cause);
}
}

Websocket客户端

这样在JS中既可以这样连接

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var socket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8899/ws");
socket.onopen = function () {

};
socket.onmessage = function (evt) {

};
socket.onclose = function (evt) {

}
socket.onerror = function (evt) {

}

客户端测试

HTML

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>聊天客户端</title>

<style type="text/css">
h1,
h2,
h3 {
margin-top: 6px;
margin-bottom: 6px;
}
body {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}

.outer {
width: 100vw;
height: 100vh;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}

#content {
height: 0;
flex: auto;
width: 100%;
padding: 10px;
overflow-y: auto;
}

#msg {
width: 100%;
height: 40px;
line-height: 40px;
flex: none;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<div class="outer">
<div id="content"></div>
<input type="text" style="width: 100%" id="msg" />
</div>

<script
type="text/javascript"
src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"
></script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

JS

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let timeunix = 0;
var socket = null;
var isopen = false;

function connect_ws() {
socket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8888");
timeunix = parseInt(new Date().getTime() / 1000);
socket.onopen = function () {
$("#content").append("<h3>连接成功!</h3>");
isopen = true;
scrollBottom();
timeunix = parseInt(new Date().getTime() / 1000);
heartCheck();
};
socket.onmessage = function (evt) {
$("#content").append("<div>" + evt.data + "</div>");
scrollBottom();
};
socket.onclose = function (evt) {
if (isopen) {
$("#content").append("<h3>连接关闭!</h3>");
$("#content").append("<div>连接时长" + (parseInt(new Date().getTime() / 1000) - timeunix) + "秒</div>");
}

scrollBottom();
isopen = false;
}
socket.onerror = function (evt) {
$("#content").append("<h3>" + "连接出错!" + "</h3>");
scrollBottom();
}
}

$(function () {
connect_ws();
})

//滚动到底部
function scrollBottom() {
var content_div = $("#content")[0];
content_div.scrollTop = content_div.scrollHeight;
}

function encodeScript(data) {
if (null == data || "" == data) {
return "";
}
return data.replace("<", "&lt;").replace(">", "&gt;");
}

function send_msg_click() {
if (socket && socket.readyState == socket.OPEN) {
var text = encodeScript($("#msg").val());
if (text) {
socket.send(text);
$("#content").append("<div style='color: #" + "CECECE" + "; font-size: " + 12 + ";'>" + text + "</div>");
$("#msg").val("");
}
} else {
connect_ws();
}
}

//心跳包
function heartCheck() {
if (window.ws_inter) {
clearInterval(window.ws_inter);
}
window.ws_inter = setInterval(function () {
if (socket && socket.readyState == socket.OPEN) {
let buffer = new ArrayBuffer(2); // 初始化14个Byte的二进制数据缓冲区
let dataView = new DataView(buffer);
dataView.setInt16(0, 1);
socket.send(dataView);
console.info("发送心跳", " 时间(s):" + parseInt(new Date().getTime() / 1000));
} else {
connect_ws();
}
}, 10000);
}

document.onkeydown = function (event) {
var e = event || window.event || arguments.callee.caller.arguments[0];
if (e && e.keyCode == 13) { // enter 键
send_msg_click();
}
};

注意

客户端一定不要发送空的消息,只要发送空消息,如果使用t-io,客户端会直接断开连接,并且服务端收不到断开的事件。

Maven依赖无法下载

比如我要下载的包为tio-websocket-server

到中央仓库地址:http://mvnrepository.com/

搜索到的依赖为

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<dependency>
<groupId>org.t-io</groupId>
<artifactId>tio-websocket-server</artifactId>
<version>3.7.1.v20210106-RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

对应的地址为

https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.t-io/tio-websocket-server/3.7.1.v20210106-RELEASE

输入命令 需要修改的 url、groupId、artifactId、version

mvn dependency:get -DremoteRepositories=url -DgroupId=groupId -DartifactId=artifactId -Dversion=version

mvn dependency:get -DremoteRepositories=https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.t-io/tio-websocket-server -DgroupId=org.t-io -DartifactId=tio-websocket-server -Dversion=3.7.1.v20210106-RELEASE