WPF桌面端开发2-ItemsControl、ListBox和ListView的用法

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ItemsControl和ListBox获取点击行的索引

前言

ItemsControl和ListBox都可以用做列表，既然是列表，那么我们怎样获取列表点击的项呢。

ItemsControl、ListBox和ListView

结构的复杂程度从低到高依次为：

ItemsControl=>ListBox=>ListView

ListBox继承于ItemsControl，ListView继承于ListBox，所以后面的组件拥有前面组件的一切特性。

相同点：

  1. 这三个控件都是列表型控件，可以进行列表绑定（ItemsSource）；
  2. 这三个控件均使用ItemsPresenter来展示列表信息；

不同点：

  1. ItemsControl是不包含水平和垂直方向的滚动条的。ListBox和ListView有水平和垂直方向滚动条。

  2. ListBox 继承于ItemsControl，增加了一个Selector对象，支持单选，ItemsControl中的Item是不支持选择的。

    而ListBox中Item是支持选择，并且可以单选，多选。

  3. ListView类似 Gridview ,支持多列。

    ListBox很简单, 就一列。

ListBox点击列表项后就不能再触发点击事件，而ItemsControl压根就没有选中项，那么怎样处理呢？

自定义ListBox

实体类

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public class ZNotifyModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
  public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

  public void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
  {
    PropertyChangedEventHandler handler = PropertyChanged;
    if (handler != null)
    {
      handler(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
    }
  }
}

列表的对象

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public class ZListItemModel : ZNotifyModel
{
  public int index { get; set; }
  public string tag { get; set; }
  private int _selected;

  public string name { get; set; }

  public int selected
  {
    get => _selected;
    set
    {
      _selected = value;
      OnPropertyChanged("selected");
    }
  }
}

页面的PageData对象

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public class UserCenterPageData : ZNotifyModel
{
  public UserCenterPageData()
  {
    typeList = new ObservableCollection<ZListItemModel>();
  }

  public ObservableCollection<ZListItemModel> typeList { get; set; }
}

页面中调用

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internal UserCenterPageData pageData = new UserCenterPageData();
pageData.typeList.Add(
  new ZListItemModel()
  {
    name = "全部",
    tag = "0",
    selected = 1
  }
);
pageData.typeList.Add(
  new ZListItemModel()
  {
    name = "Word",
    tag = "1",
    selected = 0
  }
);
pageData.typeList.Add(
  new ZListItemModel()
  {
    name = "PPT",
    tag = "2",
    selected = 0
  }
);
DataContext = pageData;

全局样式

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<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">
    <Style x:Key="ListBoxItemContainerStyle1" TargetType="ListBoxItem">
        <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="true" />
        <Setter Property="FocusVisualStyle" Value="{x:Null}" />
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="ListBoxItem">
                    <Border
                            Name="Border"
                            Padding="0,0,0,0"
                            Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
                            SnapsToDevicePixels="True">
                        <ContentPresenter />
                    </Border>
                    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                        <Trigger Property="IsSelected" Value="true">
                            <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Black" />
                        </Trigger>
                        <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="false">
                            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="LightGray" />
                        </Trigger>
                    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

    <ControlTemplate x:Key="ListBoxTemplate" TargetType="{x:Type ListBox}">
        <ScrollViewer HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled" VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
            <WrapPanel
                       IsItemsHost="True"
                       Orientation="Horizontal"
                       ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll="True" />
        </ScrollViewer>
    </ControlTemplate>

    <ControlTemplate x:Key="ListBoxTemplateH" TargetType="{x:Type ListBox}">
        <ScrollViewer HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled" VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
            <StackPanel
                        IsItemsHost="True"
                        Orientation="Horizontal"
                        ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll="True" />
        </ScrollViewer>
    </ControlTemplate>
</ResourceDictionary>

样式转换器

背景颜色转换器

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public class ColorBgConverter : IValueConverter
{
  public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
  {
    int v = int.Parse(value.ToString());
    if (v == 0)
    {
      return "#ffffff";
    }
    else
    {
      return "#4597FF";
    }
  }

  public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
  {
    return null;
  }
}

文字颜色转换器

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public class ColorTextConverter : IValueConverter
{
  public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
  {
    int v = int.Parse(value.ToString());
    if (v == -1)
    {
      return "#666666";
    }
    else if (v == 0)
    {
      return "#000000";
    }
    else
    {
      return "#ffffff";
    }
  }

  public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
  {
    return null;
  }
}

页面

列表项（建议写在页面中，除非是通用的）

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<Window.Resources>
  <cv:ColorBgConverter x:Key="colorBgConvert" />
  <cv:ColorTextConverter x:Key="colorTextConvert" />
  <DataTemplate x:Key="typeItemDT">
    <Border
            Height="36"
            Margin="0,0,10,0"
            Background="{Binding selected, Converter={StaticResource colorBgConvert}}"
            CornerRadius="4"
            Cursor="Hand">
      <Grid>
        <TextBlock
                   Padding="8"
                   VerticalAlignment="Center"
                   FontSize="14"
                   Foreground="{Binding selected, Converter={StaticResource colorTextConvert}}"
                   Text="{Binding name}" />
      </Grid>
    </Border>
  </DataTemplate>
</Window.Resources>

ListBox

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<Grid Background="#f3f3f3">
  <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
    <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
    <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
  </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
  <TextBlock
             Margin="10,0,0,0"
             VerticalAlignment="Center"
             FontSize="16"
             Text="类型：" />

  <ListBox
           x:Name="type_list_lb"
           Grid.Column="1"
           Background="#f3f3f3"
           BorderThickness="0"
           ItemContainerStyle="{StaticResource ListBoxItemContainerStyle1}"
           ItemTemplate="{StaticResource typeItemDT}"
           ItemsSource="{Binding typeList}"
           Template="{StaticResource ListBoxTemplateH}"
           SelectionChanged="type_list_lb_SelectionChanged"/>
</Grid>

代码

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private async void type_list_lb_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
    if (!(sender is ListBox listBox))
    {
        return;
    }
    if (listBox.SelectedItem is ZListItemModel item)
    {
        ObservableCollection<ZListItemModel> typeList = pageData.typeList;
        for (int i = 0; i < typeList.Count; i++)
        {
          ZListItemModel item_temp = typeList[i];
          if (item_temp == item)
          {
            item_temp.selected = 1;
          }
          else
          {
            item_temp.selected = 0;
          }
        }
    }
}

如果想让选中的项能够再次点击

设置选中索引即可

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type_list_lb.SelectedIndex = -1;

获取点击项

使用SelectionChanged回调(推荐)

重置选中索引

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<ListBox
    Grid.Row="2"
    Margin="10,0,10,0"
    Background="#f3f3f3"
    BorderThickness="0"
    ItemContainerStyle="{StaticResource StyleUserListBoxItem}"
    ItemTemplate="{StaticResource UserAnsTpl}"
    ItemsSource="{Binding userList}"
    ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
    ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
    SelectionChanged="UserAnsSelectionChanged"
    Template="{StaticResource ListBoxTemplate}" />

代码中

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private void UserAnsSelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
    if (!(sender is ListBox listBox))
    {
        return;
    }
    if (listBox.SelectedItem is TiwenTongjiJiandaItem item)
    {

    }
    listBox.SelectedIndex = -1;
}

自定义ListBox

ListBox点击会选中，但是选中的项目不能再次点击，所以这里

自定义ListBox,当item选中后再重置为未选中

自定义ListBox

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using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Media;

namespace Z.Views
{
    public class ZListBox : ListBox
    {
        protected override DependencyObject GetContainerForItemOverride()
        {
            return new ZListBoxItem();
        }
    }

    public class ZListBoxItem : ListBoxItem
    {
        protected override void OnSelected(System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            DependencyObject dep = (DependencyObject)e.OriginalSource;
            while ((dep != null) && !(dep is ListBoxItem))
            {
                dep = VisualTreeHelper.GetParent(dep);
            }

            if (dep == null) { return; }

            ListBoxItem item = (ListBoxItem)dep;
            if (item.IsSelected)
            {
                item.IsSelected = !item.IsSelected;
            }
            base.OnSelected(e);
        }
    }
}

使用

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<views:ZListBox 
    ItemsSource="{Binding menuList}"
    ItemTemplate="{StaticResource ToolbarMenu}"
    SelectionChanged="UserAnsSelectionChanged"
    ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
    ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
    Background="#f3f3f3" 
    BorderThickness="0">
</views:ZListBox>

对应的

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private void UserAnsSelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
    if (!(sender is ListBox listBox))
    {
        return;
    }
    if (listBox.SelectedItem is TiwenTongjiJiandaItem item)
    {

    }
}

也可以简写为

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private void UserAnsSelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
{
    if (!(sender is ListBox { SelectedItem : TiwenTongjiJiandaItem item }))
    {
        return;
    }
    //处理逻辑
}

使用Tag传值(推荐)

还有一种方式是绑定Tag

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<DataTemplate x:Key="LeftMenu">
  <Button
          x:Name="toolbar_item"
          Height="60"
          Margin="6,25,0,0"
          Background="Transparent"
          BorderThickness="0"
          Click="leftbar_item_Click"
          Cursor="Hand"
          Tag="{Binding}">
    <Button.Content>
      <Grid>
        <TextBlock
                   Margin="64,0,0,0"
                   HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                   VerticalAlignment="Center"
                   FontSize="18"
                   Foreground="White"
                   Text="{Binding Name}" />
      </Grid>
    </Button.Content>
  </Button>
</DataTemplate>

代码中

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private void leftbar_item_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
	if (!(sender is Button { Tag: TiwenTongjiSelectItem tongjiItem }))
    {
        return;
    }
    QuesSelectDetail win = new QuesSelectDetail($"选择{tongjiItem.OptionName}的学生", tongjiItem.UserNameList);
    win.ShowDialog();
}

注意：

这种方式获取到的是对应的值，可以通过值获取在列表中的索引。

ItemsControl、ListBox和ListView均支持该方式。

ItemsControl选中项索引(不推荐)

你可以在ItemsControl的MouseLeftButtonDown事件中获取点击的索引。

以下是一个示例：

XAML：

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<ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding Items}" MouseLeftButtonDown="ItemsControl_MouseLeftButtonDown">
    <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
        <DataTemplate>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding}" />
        </DataTemplate>
    </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
</ItemsControl>

代码：

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private void ItemsControl_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
    // 获取点击的ItemsControl项
    var clickedItem = ((FrameworkElement)e.OriginalSource).DataContext;

    // 获取点击项的索引
    int clickedIndex = ((ItemsControl)sender).Items.IndexOf(clickedItem);
    Console.WriteLine($@"选中的项索引{clickedIndex}");
}

在这个示例中，MouseLeftButtonDown事件会在用户点击ItemsControl中的任何一个项时触发。通过获取事件参数中的OriginalSource属性，可以确定实际点击的元素。

在这个示例中，我们将OriginalSource强制转换为FrameworkElement，以便我们可以访问其DataContext（即ItemsControl中的项）。

一旦我们得到了点击的项，我们可以使用IndexOf方法获取其索引。

这种方式要注意：

选中项的模版中不能是Button，这样点击事件就被消费掉了。

查找控件方式(不推荐)

Item中添加Button,对Button添加事件，获取Button所在Item的Index

工具类

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Media;

namespace ZJClassTool.Utils
{
    class VTHelper
    {
        public static T FindChild<T>(DependencyObject parent, string childName)
   where T : DependencyObject
        {
            if (parent == null) return null;

            T foundChild = null;

            int childrenCount = VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(parent);
            for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++)
            {
                var child = VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(parent, i);
                // 如果子控件不是需查找的控件类型
                T childType = child as T;
                if (childType == null)
                {
                    // 在下一级控件中递归查找
                    foundChild = FindChild<T>(child, childName);

                    // 找到控件就可以中断递归操作 
                    if (foundChild != null) break;
                }
                else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(childName))
                {
                    var frameworkElement = child as FrameworkElement;
                    // 如果控件名称符合参数条件
                    if (frameworkElement != null && frameworkElement.Name == childName)
                    {
                        foundChild = (T)child;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // 查找到了控件
                    foundChild = (T)child;
                    break;
                }
            }

            return foundChild;
        }

        public static List<T> FindChilds<T>(DependencyObject parent, string childName)
   where T : DependencyObject
        {
            var list = new List<T>();
            if (parent == null) return list;

            int childrenCount = VisualTreeHelper.GetChildrenCount(parent);
            for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++)
            {
                var child = VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(parent, i);
                // 如果子控件不是需查找的控件类型
                T childType = child as T;
                if (childType == null)
                {
                    // 在下一级控件中递归查找
                    var findChildList = FindChilds<T>(child, childName);
                    for (int j = 0; j < findChildList.Count; j++)
                    {

                    }
                    list.AddRange(FindChilds<T>(child, childName));

                }
                else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(childName))
                {
                    var frameworkElement = child as FrameworkElement;
                    // 如果控件名称符合参数条件
                    if (frameworkElement != null && frameworkElement.Name == childName)
                    {
                        list.Add((T)child);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    // 查找到了控件
                    list.Add((T)child);
                }
            }

            return list;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 查找父元素
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="obj"></param>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static T FindParent<T>(DependencyObject i_dp) where T : DependencyObject
        {
            DependencyObject dobj = VisualTreeHelper.GetParent(i_dp);
            if (dobj != null)
            {
                if (dobj is T)
                {
                    return (T)dobj;
                }
                else
                {
                    dobj = FindParent<T>(dobj);
                    if (dobj != null && dobj is T)
                    {
                        return (T)dobj;
                    }
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
}

xaml

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<Window.Resources>
    <DataTemplate x:Key="ToolbarMenu">
        <Button x:Name="toolbar_item"  Background="Transparent" BorderThickness="0" Cursor="Hand" Height="60" Click="toolbar_item_Click">
            <Button.Content>
                <StackPanel Width="Auto" Background="Transparent">
                    <Image HorizontalAlignment="Center" Width="44" Source="{Binding Pic}"/>
                    <TextBlock HorizontalAlignment="Center" Text="{Binding Name}" Foreground="#3C525B"/>
                </StackPanel>
            </Button.Content>
        </Button>
    </DataTemplate>
</Window.Resources>
<ItemsControl 
    x:Name="toolbar_list"
    ItemsSource="{Binding menuList}"
    ItemTemplate="{StaticResource ToolbarMenu}"
    ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
    ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled"
    Grid.Row="1" Background="#f3f3f3" BorderThickness="0">
</ItemsControl>

代码

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private void toolbar_item_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    var clickindex = 0;
    var buttons = VTHelper.FindChilds<Button>(toolbar_list, "toolbar_item");
    for (var i = 0; i < buttons.Count; i++)
    {
        if (buttons[i] == sender)
        {
            clickindex = i;
            break;
        }
    }
}

ListBox配置项

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<ListBox
  Background="#f3f3f3"
  BorderThickness="0"
  ItemsSource="{Binding menuList}"
  ItemContainerStyle="{StaticResource ListBoxItemContainerStyle1}"
  ItemTemplate="{StaticResource recordDT}"
  Template="{StaticResource ListBoxTemplate}"
  ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Visible"
/>

其中

  • ItemsSource是数据源

  • 跟每个Item有关的是ItemContainerStyle和ItemTemplate

    • ItemContainerStyle:每一项的外部样式 比如设置选中的状态的边框

    • ItemTemplate:每一项的内部模板

  • Template是所有项的外部容器

项容器

ItemContainerStyle

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<Style x:Key="ListBoxItemContainerStyle1" TargetType="ListBoxItem">
  <Setter Property="SnapsToDevicePixels" Value="true" />
  <Setter Property="FocusVisualStyle" Value="{x:Null}" />
  <Setter Property="Template">
    <Setter.Value>
      <ControlTemplate TargetType="ListBoxItem">
        <Border
                Name="Border"
                Padding="0,0,0,0"
                Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
                SnapsToDevicePixels="True">
          <ContentPresenter />
        </Border>
        <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
          <Trigger Property="IsSelected" Value="true">
            <Setter TargetName="Border" Property="Background" Value="Transparent" />
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="Black" />
          </Trigger>
          <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="false">
            <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="LightGray" />
          </Trigger>
        </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
      </ControlTemplate>
    </Setter.Value>
  </Setter>
</Style>

项模板

ItemTemplate

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<DataTemplate x:Key="recordDT">
  <Grid
        Width="260"
        Height="180"
        Margin="0,0,0,10">
    <Grid Margin="10" Background="Aquamarine">

      <Grid.RowDefinitions>
        <RowDefinition Height="*" />
        <RowDefinition Height="auto" />
        <RowDefinition Height="auto" />
      </Grid.RowDefinitions>
      <Image />

      <Grid Grid.Row="1" Height="30">
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
          <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
          <ColumnDefinition Width="auto" />
          <ColumnDefinition Width="auto" />
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" />
      </Grid>

      <Grid Grid.Row="2" Height="30">
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
          <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
          <ColumnDefinition Width="auto" />
          <ColumnDefinition Width="auto" />
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" />
      </Grid>
    </Grid>
  </Grid>
</DataTemplate>

列表外部容器

Template是所有项的外部容器

比如能换行的

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<ControlTemplate x:Key="ListBoxTemplate" TargetType="{x:Type ListBox}">
  <ScrollViewer HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled" VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
    <WrapPanel
               IsItemsHost="True"
               Orientation="Horizontal"
               ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll="True" />
  </ScrollViewer>
</ControlTemplate>

不能换行的

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<ControlTemplate x:Key="ListBoxTemplateH" TargetType="{x:Type ListBox}">
  <ScrollViewer HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Disabled" VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Auto">
    <StackPanel
                IsItemsHost="True"
                Orientation="Horizontal"
                ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll="True" />
  </ScrollViewer>
</ControlTemplate>

注意

作为外部容器要添加IsItemsHost="True"属性。

柱状图示例

其中ZGenericTypeConverter参见 https://www.psvmc.cn/article/2019-12-30-wpf-start-03-mvvm.html

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<ListBox
    Grid.Row="1"
    Margin="20,20,20,0"
    ItemsSource="{Binding TiwenItemList}"
    ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll="False">
    <ListBox.Template>
        <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ListBox}">
            <UniformGrid IsItemsHost="True" Rows="1" />
        </ControlTemplate>
    </ListBox.Template>
    <ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
        <Style TargetType="{x:Type ListBoxItem}">
            <Setter Property="Template">
                <Setter.Value>
                    <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type ListBoxItem}">
                        <Grid>
                            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                                <RowDefinition Height="*" />
                                <RowDefinition Height="40" />
                            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
                            <Border
                                Grid.Row="0"
                                Width="70"
                                HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                                Background="#F8F8F8"
                                CornerRadius="4 4 0 0"
                                RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,1" />
                            <StackPanel Grid.Row="0" VerticalAlignment="Bottom">
                                <TextBlock
                                    Height="30"
                                    HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                                    VerticalAlignment="Center"
                                    FontSize="18"
                                    Foreground="#666666"
                                    Text="{Binding OptionNum}" />
                                <Border
                                    Width="70"
                                    Height="{Binding OptionHeight}"
                                    HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                                    VerticalAlignment="Bottom"
                                    Background="{Binding Path=OptionType, Converter={StaticResource ZGenericTypeConverter}, ConverterParameter='1:#3CB371|2:#DC143C|3:#A9A9A9|other:#EEEEEE'}"
                                    CornerRadius="4 4 0 0"
                                    RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,1" />

                            </StackPanel>

                            <Rectangle
                                Grid.Row="1"
                                Height="1"
                                VerticalAlignment="Top"
                                Stroke="#f0f0f0" />
                            <TextBlock
                                Grid.Row="1"
                                Margin="0,10,0,0"
                                HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                                FontSize="18"
                                FontWeight="Bold"
                                Foreground="#333333"
                                Text="{Binding OptionName}" />
                        </Grid>
                    </ControlTemplate>
                </Setter.Value>
            </Setter>
        </Style>
    </ListBox.ItemContainerStyle>
</ListBox>