Unity2D开发入门-资源管理器及音频播放

前言

在游戏的初始场景中 我们创建这样的结构

其中GameObject挂载GameStart脚本并保证不被销毁

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;

public class GameStart : MonoBehaviour
{
    private void Awake()
    {
        DontDestroyOnLoad(this);
        SceneManager.LoadScene("Menu");
    }

    [RuntimeInitializeOnLoadMethod]
    public static void OnGameLoad()
    {
        if (SceneManager.GetActiveScene().name == "GameStart")
        {
            return;
        }

        SceneManager.LoadScene("GameStart");
    }
}

这样它的子物体也就不会被销毁了，两个子物体分别挂载下面的两个脚本。

这样我们就可以全局去加载资源和播放音乐了。

资源管理器

加载的资源要放在Assets/Resources目录下

using System.Collections;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Events;

public class ResourceManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    public static ResourceManager Instance;

    private void Awake()
    {
        Instance = this;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     同步加载
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="asssetName"></param>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public T Load<T>(string asssetName) where T : Object
    {
        var asset = Resources.Load<T>(asssetName);
        return asset is GameObject ? Instantiate(asset) : asset;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     异步加载
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="assetName"></param>
    /// <param name="callback"></param>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    public void LoadAsync<T>(string assetName, UnityAction<T> callback) where T : Object
    {
        StartCoroutine(LoadAsyncCoroutine(assetName, callback));
    }


    /// <summary>
    ///     异步加载
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="assetName"></param>
    /// <param name="callback"></param>
    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
    /// <returns></returns>
    private IEnumerator LoadAsyncCoroutine<T>(string assetName, UnityAction<T> callback) where T : Object
    {
        var request = Resources.LoadAsync<T>(assetName);
        yield return request;
        if (request.asset is GameObject)
        {
            callback(Instantiate(request.asset) as T);
        }
        else
        {
            callback(request.asset as T);
        }
    }
}

加载音乐

我们创建一个音效管理器，用来管理音乐的播放和音效的播放。

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.Events;

public class SoundManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    private AudioSource _musicSource;
    public float musicVolume = 0.2f;

    private AudioSource[] _soundSource;
    public float soundVolume = 1f;
    private int _soundSourceIndex = 0;

    public static SoundManager Instance;

    private void Awake()
    {
        Instance = this;
        // Music
        MusicInit();
        //Sound
        SoundInit();
    }

    #region Music
    private void MusicInit()
    {
        GameObject musicGameObject = new GameObject { name = "Music Source" };
        musicGameObject.transform.SetParent(transform);
        _musicSource = musicGameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
    }

    public void PlayMusic(string musicPath)
    {
        ResourceManager.Instance.LoadAsync<AudioClip>
        (
            musicPath,
            clip =>
            {
                _musicSource.clip = clip;
                _musicSource.loop = true;
                _musicSource.volume = musicVolume;
                _musicSource.Play();
            }
        );
    }

    public void StopMusic()
    {
        if (_musicSource.isPlaying)
        {
            _musicSource.Stop();
        }
    }

    #endregion


    #region Sound
    private void SoundInit()
    {
        _soundSource = new AudioSource[10];
        for (int i = 0; i < _soundSource.Length; i++)
        {
            GameObject soundGameObject = new GameObject { name = "Sound Source" + i };
            soundGameObject.transform.SetParent(transform);
            _soundSource[i] = soundGameObject.AddComponent<AudioSource>();
        }
    }

    public void PlaySound
    (
        string soundPath,
        bool isLoop = false,
        UnityAction<AudioSource> callback = null
    )
    {
        ResourceManager.Instance.LoadAsync<AudioClip>
        (
            soundPath,
            clip =>
            {
                AudioSource soundSource = _soundSource[_soundSourceIndex];
                soundSource.clip = clip;
                soundSource.loop = isLoop;
                soundSource.volume = soundVolume;
                soundSource.Play();
                callback?.Invoke(soundSource);
                _soundSourceIndex++;
                _soundSourceIndex %= _soundSource.Length;
            }
        );
    }

    public void StopSound(string soundName)
    {
        foreach (var audioSource in _soundSource)
        {
            if (audioSource.isPlaying && audioSource.clip.name == soundName)
            {
                audioSource.Stop();
            }
        }
    }

    public void StopAllSounds()
    {
        foreach (var audioSource in _soundSource)
        {
            if (audioSource.isPlaying)
            {
                audioSource.Stop();
            }
        }
    }

    #endregion
}

这样如果播放背景音乐我们可以调用

SoundManager.Instance.PlayMusic("Music/Organix");

如果播放音效可以调用

比如我这里射击键是J，按J的时候播放射击音效

if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.J))
{
    SoundManager.Instance.PlaySound("Sound/gun/pistol");
}

注意文件的目录结构为

Assets => Resources => Music => Organix.mp3

Assets => Resources => Sound=> gun => pistol.mp3

也就是说我们必须要把加载的资源放在Assets/Resources目录下